During the Research and development described
below, Bell works with many researches of the day: Prof Hughes of London,
Trowbridge of Harvard, Prof Rowland of Johns Hopkins Un., Prof Simon Newcomb
of Washington, and the staff at Charles Williams' shop of Boston. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DATE |
DESCRIPTION
OF EVENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7/00/1879 |
Bell developes a metal detector from a telephone noise tester and thinks he can detect bullets with it
|
|
|
7/2/1881 |
GARFIELD IS SHOT, The
clock and the race against time starts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bell
chooses to experiment and develop a metal detector using Prof. Hughes 4 coil Induction
balance. Bell has one made up in
Boston at the Williams shop. |
|
|
7/14/1881 |
Bell
arrives in Washington D.C. at his
Volta laboratory which is very well equipped for electrical experiments. He makes modifications to the circuit
elements, such as replacing the
microphone with a current interrupter
(rheotome) and mounts one pair of coils
on a handle so they can be used to search for the bullet. |
|
|
7/19/1881 |
Bell
switches to using a large primary
coil and a small secondary search coil. This increases the detection
range to 2 inches |
|
|
7/20/1881 |
Dr.
Bliss the President's doctor visits Bell's Volta Lab to see the metal
detector that uses a variation of Hughes
four coil inductor balance. |
|
|
7/21/1881 |
Tainter, Bell assistant, begins laboratory
experiments to optimize the Hughes
four coil balance. They check coil sizes, coil resistances, coil locations,
wire sizes, etc.. They develop tables
and graphs of the parameters
affecting detectable distances of the four coil method. |
|
|
7/22/1881 |
Experiments
are made with types, numbers, and arrangement of batteries. Dr Bliss recommends testing the apparatus on
war wounded. Bell tests Lieut. Simpson. indefinite results. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7/23/1881 |
GARFIELD'S
CONDITION WORSENS 104 DEGREE TEMPERATURE. |
|
|
7/25/1881 |
Prof.
Rowland suggests using a condenser across the primary coils, this increases
the range of the detector by 1cm. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7/26/1881 |
In
the evening Bell and Tainter bring apparatus the to White House and test it out on the President. They wire up
condenser incorrectly. The rheotome,
interrupter is acting up etc. They
don't find any evidence of a
bullet. It’s a bust. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7/29/1881 |
From
all the data gathered on the four
coil method over the past days Bell
decides to switch back to the 2 coil method using 1, a low ohm
primary. 2, lots of current
3, a flat spiral coil 4, a battery system with low internal
resistance 5, a condenser across primary
6, He and his assistant had also developed a
new method in listening to the over tones in the musical note from the
interrupter. This combination had helped increase the range up to 5 inches,
however; experiments were made with the two coils sitting on the lab table
and adjusted by hand in a non portable setup. |
|
|
7/30/1881 |
1,
On Sat 7/30/1881 the White House requested another metal detector trial. Bell
explains that they only have the older equipment which was used
on 7/26/1881 in a portable format, the condenser fixed, but that he has just
developed a new much more sensitive detector coil set with superior range. He
and his assistant have also developed a new method to listen to the over
tones in the musical note from the interrupter. This combination has helped
increase the range up to 5 inches, however;
it is only in a prototype laboratory form. Bell asks for time to mount
this new detector in a useable portable device. Dr Bliss chooses to wait for
the new device.
|
|
|
7/31/1881 |
That night they mount the new detector
coils in the double block adjustable form,
with ebonite locking screws see. They fuss around with
mounting and adjusting the coils finally using a hammer for fine tuning. Among the troubles is a shorted turn
causing a no null condition. After
much labor Bell contacts Dr Bliss and tells him the new device is crude but works . They are also listening
to the over tones which increases the range out to 5 inches. |
|
|
|
In
the afternoon Bell tests the new 2
coil device by looking for a bullet in John McGill. They find it using the new 2 coil circuit
and with all the latest improvements but can't find it with the four coil circuit.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8/1.1881 |
Bell
scans the President with the new double coil and its 5 inches range. He
couldn't detect the bullet. AN
AUTOPSY later showed the the bullet was too deep to be detected by Bell's apparatus. IT WAS LATER FOUND
TO BE IN A HARMLESS POSITION.
Garfield died of infections. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8/2/1881 |
Bell
returns back to the Mansion to see if the
metal mattress caused the problem
finding the bullet
and IT WASN'T. |
|
|
|
Bell
leaves Washington. Tainter goes on to improve mechanically the instrument.
but it really finds little use. X-rays become the preferred means of finding
bullets. Bell works on and off in Boston at Williams shop on refinements |
|
|
8/15/1881 |
Bell's
son dies |
|
|
9/19/1881 |
PRESIDENT GARFIELD
DIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|